Cette année de commémoration du centenaire de l’événement

On October 1, 1895, two thousand Armenians assembled in Constantinople to petition for the implementation of the reforms, but Ottoman police units converged on the rally and violently broke it up. En 1909, un autre massacre, dans la région d’Adana, fait entre 20 000 et 30 000 victimes. Septembre : « Loi provisoire d'expropriation et de confiscation ». [21], The Great Powers (Britain, France, Russia) forced Hamid to sign a new reform package designed to curtail the powers of the Hamidiye in October 1895 which, like the Berlin treaty, was never implemented. Projets de réformes dans l'empire Ottoman, 1893-1897, Campbell, George Douglas (8th Duke of Argyll), The Hamidian Massacres, 1894-1897: Disinterring a Buried History, "A Bystander's Notes of a Massacre: The Slaughter of Armenians in Constantinople", Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamidian_massacres&oldid=980704340, Massacres committed by the Ottoman Empire, Persecution of Christians in the Ottoman Empire, Persecution of Oriental Orthodox Christians, Articles with Armenian-language sources (hy), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles containing Armenian-language text, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2019, Turkey articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Schumacher, Leslie Rogne. [31] He also estimated the additional deaths of 100,000 Armenians due to famine and disease totalling a number of approximately 200,000. "[41], One headline in a September 1895 article by The New York Times ran "Armenian Holocaust," while the Catholic World declared, "Not all the perfume of Arabia can wash the hand of Turkey clean enough to be suffered any longer to hold the reins of power over one inch of Christian territory. [49], Despite the great public sympathy that was felt for the Armenians in Europe, none of the European powers took concrete action to alleviate their plight. Le génocide arménien a été préparé, planifié, mis en œuvre par le gouvernement turc. Première Guerre mondiale; Georges Clemenceau; génocide arménien; Vladimir Ilitch Oulianov, dit Lénine [50] Though their demands were rejected and new massacres broke out in Constantinople, the act was lauded by the European and American press, which vilified Hamid and painted him as the "great assassin" and "bloody Sultan. The eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire were historically insecure;[14] the Kurdish rebels attacked the inhabitants of towns and villages with impunity. The hospital authorities made attempts to pass off wounded Christians as Mussulmans. La Première Guerre mondiale s'achève : capitulation de l'Empire ottoman, allié des Puissances centrales.

[4] The massacres are named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II, who, in his efforts to maintain the imperial domain of the collapsing Ottoman Empire, reasserted Pan-Islamism as a state ideology. Astourian, Stepan (2011). Between 1894 and 1896 was when the majority of the murders took place. I saw one with his face completely smashed in with a blow of some heavy weapon after he was killed. German foreign ministry operative and Turkologist Ernst Jäckh claimed that 200,000 Armenians were killed and 50,000 were expelled and a million pillaged and plundered. [22] Upon receiving the reform package, the sultan is said to have remarked, "This business will end in blood."[23]. 2. (1), Notes manuscrites et dactylographiées pour une conférence sur l'Arménie (3 pièces), Books La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 22 novembre 2019 à 04:08. "[20] Sultan Abdul Hamid sent the Ottoman army into the area and also armed groups of Kurdish irregulars. [33], Some scholars, such as the Soviet historians Mkrtich G. Nersisyan, Ruben Sahakyan, and John Kirakosyan, and Yehuda Bauer subscribe to the view that the mass killings of 1894–1896 were the first phase of the Armenian Genocide. [47], At the height of the massacres, in 1896, Abdul Hamid tried to limit the flow of information coming out of Turkey (Harper's Weekly was banned by Ottoman censors for its extensive coverage of the massacres) and counteract the negative press by enlisting the help of sympathetic Western activists and journalists. "Ottoman Urfa and its Missionary Witnesses" in. William Sachtleben, an American journalist who happened to be in Erzurum after the massacre there in 1895, recounted the grisly scene he came across in a lengthy letter to The Times: What I myself saw this Friday afternoon [November 1] is forever engraven on my mind as the most horrible sight a man can see.

It was estimated casualties ranged from 80,000 to 300,000,[3] resulting in 50,000 orphaned children. The end of Ottoman dominion over the Balkans was ushered in by an era of European nationalism and an insistence on self-determination by many territories long held under Ottoman rule. 1915-2015. "[25] The worst atrocity took place in Urfa, where Ottoman troops burned the Armenian cathedral, in which 3,000 Armenians had taken refuge, and shot at anyone who tried to escape. The provisions for reform in the Armenian provinces embodied in Article 61 of the Treaty of Berlin (1878) were ultimately not enforced and were followed instead by further repression. Armenien, die Türkei und die Pflichten Europas (2005) The Armenian massacres in Ottoman Turkey (2005) The Armenian massacres, 1894-1896 (2004) [33] However, the period of massacres spread well into 1896. Le samedi 24 avril 1915, ... Entre 1894 et 1896, comme les Arméniens réclament des réformes et une modernisation des institutions, le sultan en fait massacrer 200 000 à 250 000 avec le concours des montagnards kurdes. Quoted in Astourian, "On the Genealogy of the Armenian-Turkish Conflict," p. 195. "[48] Herzl's currying the Sultan's favor did not go without protest. The combination of Russian military success in the recent Russo-Turkish War, the clear weakening of the Ottoman Empire in various spheres including financial (from 1873, the Ottoman Empire suffered greatly from the Panic of 1873), territorial (mentioned above), and the hope among some Armenians that one day all of the Armenian territory might be ruled by Russia, led to a new restiveness among Armenians living inside the Ottoman Empire. [6][verification needed], News of the Armenian massacres in the empire were widely reported in Europe and the United States and drew strong responses from foreign governments, humanitarian organizations, and the press alike. [24], The French vice consul of Diyarbakır, Gustave Meyrier, recounted to Ambassador Paul Cambon stories of Armenian women and children being assaulted and killed and described the attackers "as cowardly as they were cruel. Rescapé du génocide arménien, Aram Gureghian témoigne. Herzl acknowledged that the arrangement with the Abdul Hamid was temporary and his services were in exchange for bringing about a more favorable Ottoman attitude toward Zionism.