To the west lies Gabon; Cameroon to its northwest and the Central African Republic to its northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southeast and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to its south; and the Atlantic Ocean to its southwest. He won the election believed by many to be fraudulent. With the help of a handful of local French administrators and officers, the British, and the Belgian government in exile Charles de Gaulle's Free French won over large parts of the French Empire. Ultimately the French government lost more money than it gained in rents and taxes from the Concessionary system upon which the colony had become reliant, and French public opinion was shocked by reports of the wide-scale brutalities which the system had given rise to. Until then Algeria was the main source of oil and gas destined for the French market. On March 18, 1977, President Ngouabi was assassinated. With the Kingdom of Loango in the north and the Kingdom of Mbundu in the south being tributary states. The history of the Republic of the Congo has been marked by diverse civilisations: indigenous, French and post-independence. For the majority of the local population it rather proved to be a curse as the International Monetary Fund in its yearly reports on the country a few years ago[when?] On 15 January 1910 the colony again was renamed to French Equatorial Africa (Afrique Equatoriale Française or AEF), this time it also included Chad and Oubangui-Chari, nowadays the Central African Republic. Development of the sector has been hampered by the nation's traditionally powerful trade unionist movement, political uncertainties, as well as the costs of exploitation in a country with poor transport infrastructure.[10]. [citation needed], The French government allowed for the establishment of the so-called Concessionary Companies in 1889 so as to circumvent the economic non-discrimination provisions of the Treaty of Berlin and maximize the revenue drawn from underpopulated and undeveloped regions under their control. He however escaped to France in 1935 where under a new identity he continued his political work. They ruled over nearby tributary states, often by appointing sons of the Kongo kings to head these states.

Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: "Kongo" redirects here. The most prominent Congolese politician until 1956 was Jean-Félix Tchicaya, born in Libreville on 9 November 1903 and a member of the royal family of the Kingdom of Loango. Following Youlou's 6 August 1963 announcement of the formation of a one-party state with only one legal trade union, trade unions started their revolt on 13 August. The official language is French. For the Japanese word, see, Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term, Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congo&oldid=979758455, Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists, Disambiguation pages with short descriptions, Short description is different from Wikidata, Language and nationality disambiguation pages, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 September 2020, at 16:38. Prior to independence, the French establishment and Catholic Church feared Opangault's radicalism and favored the rise of Fulbert Youlou, a former priest. Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected president for a five-year term and named Pascal Lissouba to serve as prime minister. On 30 April 1891 this was renamed Colony of French Congo, consisting of Gabon and Middle Congo, the name the French gave to Congo-Brazzaville at that time. On 12 July 1960 France agreed to Congo becoming fully independent. The intense use of the railway led to the rise of a new urban labor class and improved the infrastructure of the colony.[7]. He was succeeded after his death in 1506 by his son Nzinga Mbemba, who ruled as King Afonso I until 1543. The absence of the Bakongo from early politics led to a power vacuum into which the Vili and Mbochi moved until independence.[8]. The construction between 1921 and 1934 of the 511 km long railway, the Chemin de Fer Congo-Océan between Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire is for example said to have cost the lives of around 23,000 locals and a few hundred Europeans. Welcome to Brazzaville Founded by Italo-French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza in 1880 on the Stanley Pool area of the Congo River, Brazza has always been the junior economic partner to Kinshasa (the DRC's capital) which faces it across the immense river.

When in 1929 his group also became active in Congo itself and demanded an end to the Code de l'Indigénat, things changed. Fighting broke out between the government forces and Sassou Nguesso's fighters, called Cobras, igniting a 4-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville. The President dissolved the National Assembly in November 1992, calling for new elections in May 1993. She was captured by the forces of Pedro IV and under orders of Portuguese Capuchin Friars condemned for being a witch and a heretic and consequently burned to death.