Periods of unknown ownership are indicated in white. [13][10], Radiocarbon dating of samples from various parts of the manuscript was performed at the University of Arizona in 2009. Mueller sent some unintelligible text to Kircher with a note explaining that it had come from Egypt, and asking him for a translation. It was thought possible, prior to the carbon dating of the manuscript, that Dee or Kelley might have written it and spread the rumor that it was originally a work of Bacon's in the hopes of later selling it. Jacobus may have received the book from Rudolph II as part of the debt that was owed upon his death. [25], Some folios are thicker than the usual parchment thickness, such as folios 42 and 47. [9][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) performed in 2009 revealed that the inks contained major amounts of iron, sulfur, potassium, calcium and carbon and trace amounts of copper and occasionally zinc. [16], Marci also sent Kircher a cover letter (in Latin, dated August 19, 1665 or 1666) that was still attached to the book when Voynich acquired it: The white paint is likely a mixture of eggwhite and calcium carbonate, while the green paint is tentatively characterized by copper and copper-chlorine resinate; the crystalline material might be atacamite or another copper-chlorine compound. Є and Ї, are unique to Ukrainian.

In 2009, University of Arizona researchers performed radiocarbon dating on the manuscript's vellum and dated it between 1404 and 1438. [54] Wilfrid Voynich acquired 30 of these manuscripts, among them the one which now bears his name. Transcription et translittération. [25], It has been suggested that some illustrations in the books of an Italian engineer, Giovanni Fontana, slightly resemble Voynich illustrations. Then he argues that because he has found a Romance-language word that fits his hypothesis, his hypothesis must be right. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème Alphabet manuscrit, Police d'écriture, Caligraphie. Polyalphabetic ciphers were invented by Alberti in the 1460s and included the later Vigenère cipher, but they usually yield ciphertexts where all cipher shapes occur with roughly equal probability, quite unlike the language-like letter distribution which the Voynich manuscript appears to have.

The blue, white, red-brown, and green paints of the manuscript have been analyzed using PLM, XRD, EDS, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Drumroll please! He then investigates any number of medieval Romance-language dictionaries until he finds a word that seems to suit his theory.

From the various numbering gaps in the quires and pages, it seems likely that in the past the manuscript had at least 272 pages in 20 quires, some of which were already missing when Wilfrid Voynich acquired the manuscript in 1912. His work was criticized as patching together already-existing scholarship with a highly speculative and incorrect translation; Lisa Fagin Davis, director of the Medieval Academy of America, stated that Gibbs' decipherment "doesn't result in Latin that makes sense. ", "Penn Biographies – William Romaine Newbold (1865–1926)", До "неможливих джерел" вітчизняної історії: "Рукопис Войнича" в українському контексті, "So much for that Voynich manuscript "solution, "Has a Mysterious Medieval Code Really Been Solved? There is strong evidence that many of the book's bifolios were reordered at various points in its history, and that the original page order may well have been quite different from what it is today.

[7][16], Eamon Duffy says that the radiocarbon dating of the parchment (or, more accurately, vellum) "effectively rules out any possibility that the manuscript is a post-medieval forgery", as the consistency of the pages indicates origin from a single source, and "it is inconceivable" that a quantity of unused parchment comprising "at least fourteen or fifteen entire calfskins" could have survived from the early 15th century. Marci's 1665/1666 cover letter to Kircher says that, according to his friend the late Raphael Mnishovsky, the book had once been bought by Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia for 600 ducats (66.42 troy ounce actual gold weight, or 2.07 kg). [20] The manuscript has never been demonstrably deciphered, and the mystery of its meaning and origin has excited the popular imagination, making it the subject of novels and speculation.

Furthermore, Baresch's letter and Marci's letter only establish the existence of a manuscript, not that the Voynich manuscript is the same one mentioned. This often takes place in an invented language in glossolalia, usually made up of fragments of the author's own language, although invented scripts for this purpose are rare.

", "Artificial Intelligence Takes a Crack at Decoding the Mysterious Voynich Manuscript", "Mysterious 15th century manuscript finally decoded 600 years later", "Decoding Anagrammed Texts Written in an Unknown Language and Script", "Computer scientist claims clues to deciphering mysterious Voynich manuscript", "No, the Mysterious Voynich Manuscript Is Not Written in Hebrew", "Has the Voynich Manuscript Finally Been Decoded?
[citation needed], Statistical analysis of the text reveals patterns similar to those of natural languages. [34], The main argument for this theory is that it is difficult to explain a European author using a strange alphabet—except as an attempt to hide information. [12] Insect holes are present on the first and last folios of the manuscript in the current order and suggest that a wooden cover was present before the later covers, and discolouring on the edges points to a tanned-leather inside cover. [98][99][100] The claim is also disputed by an expert in the Hebrew language and its history.